The conventional healthcare systems have recently undergone a radical transformation due to the incorporation of cutting-edge technologies such as compressive sensing, wireless networks, and cloud computing. Computer-aided diagnosis is one of the most active research topics, which shows a noticeable improvement in the medical field. As a result of the development of intelligent techniques, biomedical data processing has become simpler and less prone to errors. In addition, the internet of things (IoT) infrastructure makes it feasible to provide healthcare from a distance. However, the integration of technologies has led to a rise in security issues. Data security over remote healthcare systems is essential, and represents one of the most significant challenges. Consequently, e-health data security and privacy concerns must be thoroughly investigated. Typically, biomedical data are sensitive to external attacks, and even minor data manipulation can have a significant impact on the final result. In some cases, a wrong diagnosis can be fatal, and in most cases, it can be severe. In this paper, secured healthcare systems based on chaotic mapping techniques are reviewed. Future research in multimedia data security and biomedical image protection could greatly benefit from this work.