The shot peening (SP) procedure, which is utilized to enhance the surface qualities, is the subject of this research. The fundamental use of SP processes and their many applications are covered in this paper. Indepth discussion is given on the various materials involved as well as the surface layer characteristics of metallic materials. The advantages of SP, including enhanced surface hardness and roughness, are discussed for a variety of materials. In order to identify the important factors influencing the quality of SP, optimization of SP is examined. Applications of SP in various industries, like medicine, are presented. According to a number of research studies, SP generates residual compressive stresses that form in the materials and enhance these surface layer features. The requirements of surface property and several methods of evolution are covered in this review study.