Pesticides are agrochemicals that are used to increase agricultural productivity. Pesticide use has also been associated with many direct and indirect negative impacts on human health and the environment. Their side effects can be an important environmental health risk factor. Pesticides in the drinking water supply are derived from agricultural fields and industrial wastewater runoff. The water-soluble pesticides were carried away by water molecules, especially during the precipitation event by percolating downward into the soil layers and eventually reaching surface waters and groundwater. Long-time exposure to the low concentration of pesticides had resulted in non-carcinogenic health risks. Some people receive emergency care annually for actual or suspected pesticide poisoning and are admitted to the hospital. The level of risk increases, when users are often illiterate, untrained, and do not possess appropriate protective equipment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ideas, attitudes, and level of understanding of Nagaur district farmers regarding the benefits and risks of pesticide-related water contamination. The results clearly showed that Rajasthan farmers have poor knowledge about the management and handling of pesticides. However, many misconceptions like crop production increase with an increased number of spray, alcohol is an alternative for pesticides, vegetable can be preserved by spraying pesticides, pesticides mixed with fertilizers would destroy pests more effectively, and food products size would increase with the use of pesticides are prevailing in the mind of Nagaur district farmers. Pesticides have been reported to cause several adverse health effects which depend on the extent and duration of exposure. The health effects of pesticides range from mild allergies, eye irritating, breathing difficulties, and reproductive abnormalities to deadly chronic diseases like cancer. This challenge to food safety may be addressed by preventive strategies which include the use of alternative sustainable agricultural practices or mitigating strategies which are based on reducing pesticide exposure from food and water by different processing techniques. This work provides a comprehensive review of the occurrence of pesticides in drinking water and their possible treatment.